The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.